Start with the ink, not the shape
Beginners compare the shape of a signature against an online example. Forgers know that, and copy shape first. What is far harder to fake is how ink behaves on a surface: a genuine ballpoint signature shows variable deposit, occasional skipping and a slight indentation you can feel with a fingertip on the reverse. A marker on a glossy photo sits on the surface with soft edges where the tip paused.
Hold the item at a shallow angle to a window. Real ink sits differently to printed ink, which lies perfectly flat and shares the exact same sheen as the photograph beneath it.
Check for the tell-tale signs of a preprint
A preprint is a photo of a signed photo. It is not a forgery in the criminal sense, but it is worthless as memorabilia. Preprints have uniform ink density with no pressure variation, halftone dot patterns visible under a loupe, and identical positioning across every copy in circulation.
- Signature has no surface texture and cannot be felt
- Colour of the ink is slightly greyed or matches the photo's black
- Identical examples appear repeatedly on marketplaces at low prices
Understand autopen patterns
Autopen machines produce genuine ink with genuine pressure — but they repeat the exact same path each time. Two autopen signatures laid over each other match perfectly. Look for unnatural starts and stops, wobble in long strokes where the machine slowed, and blunt terminal points where a human hand would lift and taper.
Judge the seller before the signature
Most collectors who get burned bought from an anonymous seller with stock photos, no address and no return position. Ask three questions: who signed the certificate, where was the item obtained, and will the seller stand behind it in five years' time. A dealer with a physical shop and a name on the paperwork has far more to lose than an account with a username.
Every item we sell is supplied with the WDW Certificate of Authenticity, signed by Derek Warwick and valid for as long as you own the piece.
Three quick tests before anything else
Tilt the piece under a light. Real ink sits on or in the surface and catches light unevenly; a print is perfectly flat. Then compare the signature against known examples from the same period, since signatures change over a lifetime. Finally, ask the seller who they are and whether they will put their opinion in writing.
Need a straight answer on a specific piece?
Send photographs and we'll give you an honest opinion — whether you're buying, selling or simply curious. You can also visit us at 87 Princes Street, Southend-on-Sea, Tuesday to Saturday, 10am–4pm.